WORLD AIDS DAY TIMELINE 1978 – 2020, Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, December 2020.

 

Mission and Vision

MISSION
The mission of the Prevention and Health Promotion Administration (PHPA) is to
protect, promote, and improve the health and well being of all Marylanders and
their families through provision of public health leadership and through community
based public health efforts in partnership with local health departments, providers,
community based organizations, and public and private sector agencies, giving
special attention to at risk and vulnerable populations.

VISION
PHPA envisions a future in which all Marylanders and their families enjoy optimal
health and well being.

The Beginning: 1970’s
The virus has entered the U.S. and is being transmitted among the first cases.

 

 

 

 

 

 

1981

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  (CDC) publishes first report of a rare pneumonia (PCP) in five gay men in Los Angeles.
• The first Kaposi’s Sarcoma cases reported in
  New York and Los Angeles.
• New term Gay Related Immune Deficiency
  (GRID) 200 cumulative cases reported

 

 

1982

• Cases identified among gay men, injecting                                      
  drug users, hemophiliacs and infants.
• GRID becomes Acquired Immune
  Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
• First transfusion related case identified.
• Worry over contaminated blood supply.
• First AIDS cases, known as “slims,”
  reported in Rakai, Uganda.

 

 

1983

• Two heterosexual females exposed                                             
  through sexual contact with infected
  males.
• French and U.S. scientists conclude the
  likely cause of AIDS is a retrovirus.
• CDC establishes AIDS case definition.
• Blood industry refuses to screen
  donations.

 

 

1984

• Dr. Robert Gallo                                        
  announces that his
  laboratory has
  isolated the AIDS
  virus HTLV III.

 

 

1985

• International debate over discovery of AIDS virus.                    
• Blood donations tested with ELISA and Western
  Blot assays begins.
• Military forces begin testing applicants.
• Public Health Services establishes test sites.
• Documented 20,000 cumulative cases in U.S.
• Noted actor, Rock Hudson, dies.
• 1 st International Conference on AIDS held in
  Atlanta, Ga.

 

1986

• International Commission on                                              
  the Nomenclature of Viruses
  names the AIDS virus as
  Human Immunodeficiency
  Virus (HIV).
• U.S. Surgeon General, Edward
  Koop, issues a report on AIDS
  that calls for sex education
  and prevention measures.

 

1987

• Liberace and Michael Bennet die of AIDS.                              
• AIDS Memorial Quilt displayed on the National Mall in
  Washington, D.C.
• AZT approved as first AIDS drug.
• Randy Shilts publishes And the Band Played On.
• President Reagan speaks about AIDS for the first time.
• ACT UP is founded in New York.
• Revisions to AIDS case definition.
• Required HIV testing of immigrants to the U.S.

 

1988

• First Presidential AIDS                             
  Commission hearing.
• ACT UP pressures Food and
  Drug Administration (FDA) to
  speed up drug approval
  process.
• First World AIDS Day
  Commemoration
  December 1, 1988.

 

 

1989

• CDC registers 100,000                  
  cumulative AIDS cases in
  the U.S.
• Aerosolized pentamidine
  approved to treat
  pneumocystis carinii
  pneumonia (PCP).

 

1990

• Keith Haring dies.    
• Ryan White dies.
• The Ryan White CARE Act
  is enacted by Congress
  (August 18, 1990), an act
  of the United States
  Congress and the largest
  federally funded program
  in the United States for
  people living with
  HIV/AIDS.* CARE : Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency.

1991

• Basketball star, Earvin     
  “Magic” Johnson,
  announces he is HIV
  positive.
• The World Health
  Organization (WHO)
  reports 10 million new
  infections worldwide.

 

1992

• Professional tennis legend, Arthur  
  Ashe, confirms that he has AIDS.
• 250,000 cumulative AIDS cases
  reported in the U.S.
• First reports of combination anti
  viral therapy.
• American actor, Anthony Perkins,
  known for his role as Norman
  Bates in the Psycho movies, dies
  from AIDS.

 

1993

• CDC case definition revised to
  include female specific
  manifestations.
• The female condom is approved.
• 9 th International conference
  reports a vaccine or cure may
  never be found.
• Dancer, Rudolf Nuryev , dies of AIDS.
• Office of National AIDS Policy
  (ONAP) established by President
  Bill Clinton.

 

1994

• AZT given to pregnant women to prevent     
  vertical transmission.
• Pedro Zamora and Elizabeth Glaser die of
  AIDS.
• Scientists, Ho and Shaw, report that HIV
  is not dormant after initial infection.
• Experimental viral load testing begins.
• HIV surveillance begins.
• First Needle Exchange Program (NEP) in
  Maryland.

 

 

1995

• Olympic medal winner, Greg Louganis,  
  announces that he has HIV.
• First protease inhibitor approved.
• CDC announces that AIDS has become the
  leading cause of death among 25 44 year
  olds in the U.S.
• 500,000 cumulative AIDS cases reported
  in the U.S.
• Rap star Eazy E dies of AIDS.
• First reports of declines in HIV prevalence
  in Uganda published in the BMJ.

 

1996

• Combination therapy becomes the    
  recommended standard of care in the
  U.S.
• 573,800 cumulative AIDS cases
  reported in the U.S., of whom 357,598
  had died.
• The United Nations estimates that
  22.6 million people worldwide are
  infected and 6.4 million have died.

 

1997

• By September, cumulative U.S. AIDS 
  cases have reached over 626,000.
• Rapid assay tests using oral specimens
  in use.
• First time CDC reports the occurrence
  of AIDS defining opportunistic illnesses
  has declined which is attributed to
  increased use of combination
  antiretroviral therapy.

 

1998

• Approvals of Needle Exchange Programs
  (NEPs) expands despite lack of federal
  funding.
• 48,269 persons were reported with AIDS this
  year, pushing the cumulative total over
  688,000.
• 57 percent of all new AIDS cases were
  reported in five states: New York, New
  Jersey, California, Florida, and Texas.
• 29 states and the Virgin Islands use
  confidential named based HIV reporting for
  adolescents and adults.

1999

• Worldwide, women                
  accounted for 52 percent of
  the 2.1 million adult deaths
  related to AIDS.
• Alaska, New York, and Texas
  began HIV case surveillance.
• Maryland’s AIDS caseload
  hits 20,000.

 

2000

• South African officials begin lobbying
  drug companies to implement price
  cuts.
• Therapeutic vaccine, Remune , being
  tested in the U.S., Europe, and Thailand.
• First U.S. company to begin testing for
  HIV using urine samples. Sentinel
  testing service offers urine based
  testing for HIV 1 antibody, chlamydia
  DNA, and gonorrhea DNA.

2001

• United Nations General Assembly        
  convenes first ever special session on AIDS.
• 1st Annual National Black HIV/AIDS
  Awareness Day in the U.S.
• June 5 marked 20 years since first AIDS
  case was reported.
• “DOHA Agreement” reached at World
  Trade Organization, meeting in Doha,
  Qatar, allowing developing countries to
  buy or manufacture generic medications
  for HIV/AIDS.

2002

• The Global Fund to Fight AIDS,     
  Tuberculosis, and Malaria begins
  operations.
• UNAIDS reports that women
  comprise about half of all adults
  living with HIV/AIDS worldwide.
• Approval of OraQuick Rapid HIV 1
  Antibody Test, by U.S. FDA; first
  rapid test to use finger prick.
• HIV is leading cause of death
  worldwide, among those ages 15 59.

2003

• President George W. Bush announces the  
  President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief,
  (PEPFAR) a $15 billion initiative to address
  HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria in 12
  countries.
• 1 st Annual Latino AIDS Awareness Day in the
  U.S.
• The William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation
  secures price reductions for HIV/AIDS drugs
  from generic manufacturers to benefit
  developing nations.

2004

• 15th International AIDS Conference “Access   
  for All” in Bangkok, Thailand. First to be held
  in Southeast Asia.
• UNAIDS launches The Global Coalition on
  Women and AIDS to raise the visibility of the
  epidemic’s impact on women and girls
  around the world.
• OraQuick Rapid HIV 1 Antibody Test
  approved for use with oral fluid by U.S. FDA.

 

2005

• United Kingdom hosts G8 Summit at Gleneagles
  focus on development in Africa.
• The U.S. FDA grants “tentative approval of
  generic AIDS drug regimen for potential
  purchase under the PEPFAR”.
• First ever approval of an HIV drug regimen
  manufactured by a non U.S. based
  pharmaceutical company.
• The first annual National Asian and Pacific
  Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day.

 

2006

• 1 st Annual National Women and Girls 
  HIV/AIDS Awareness Day in the U.S.
• June 5 marked a quarter of a century since
  the first AIDS case was reported.
• CDC recommends routine HIV screening for
  all adults, aged 13 64, and yearly screening
  for those at high risk.
• U.S. Congress reauthorizes the Ryan White
  CARE Act for the third time.

 

2007

• WHO and UNAIDS recommend that “male   
  circumcision should always be considered as
  part of a comprehensive HIV prevention
  package”.
• President Bush calls on Congress to
  reauthorize PEPFAR at $30 billion over five
  years.
• International HIV/AIDS Implementers Meeting
  held in Kigali, Rwanda, hosted by the
  Government of Rwanda.

 

2008

• 17 th International AIDS Conference         
  “Universal Action Now” in Mexico City.
  First to be held in Latin America.
• As of April 2008, all 50 states, the District
  of Columbia, and five dependent areas:
  American Samoa, Guam, the Northern
  Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
  Virgin Islands use the same confidential
  name based reporting system to collect
  HIV and AIDS data.

 

2009

• President Barack Obama signed legislation
  to extend the Ryan White CARE Act.
• President Barack Obama eliminated the
  1987 ban that prevented non U.S. citizens
  from traveling or immigrating to the U.S. if
  they were HIV positive.
• President Barack Obama launches the
  Global Health Initiative: A six year, $63
  billion initiative with PEPFAR at its core to
  address global health issues.

 

2010

• Removal of U.S. HIV travel and     
  immigration ban officially begins.
• The XVIII International AIDS
  Conference held in Vienna, Austria,
  with the theme “Rights Here, Right
  Now,” emphasizing human rights as a
  central part of the HIV response.
• The White House released the first
  comprehensive National HIV/AIDS
  Strategy for the U.S. in June 2010.

 

2011

• 30 Year Anniversary of HIV in the U.S., and Marylanders         
  attempted to break the Guinness World Record by forming the
  largest human red ribbon at Coppin State University.
• The iPrex study showed that men who have sex with men (MSM)
  and transgender women taking pre exposure antiretroviral
  medication reduced HIV acquisition.
• The 052 study with discordant heterosexual couples showed that
  antiretroviral medication reduced transmission of HIV and study
  of vaginal microbicides showed reduced HIV acquisition.
• CDC shifted funding and focus to “High Impact Prevention”.

 

2012

• June 2012, U.S. Supreme Court ruled to uphold 
  the constitutionality of the Patient Protection
  and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
• July 2012, The 19 th International AIDS
  Conference opened in Washington D.C., with
  the theme “Turning the Tide Together”
• U.S. FDA, Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee
  (AVDAC) approved the label change for
  Truvada to be used as a pre exposure HIV
  prophylaxis (PrEP) among HIV uninfected MSM
  and transgender women; partners in
  serodiscordant couples.

2013

• National Institutes of Health (NIH)  
  scientists discovered how HIV kills
  immune cells.
• The FDA approved the first rapid
  test that can detect both HIV 1 and
  HIV 2.
• World AIDS Day Dec. 1, 2013 25th
  Anniversary! World AIDS Day was
  initiated in 1988, seven years after
  the first cases of AIDS were
  reported.

 

2014

• May 2014 U.S. Public Health Service released the first comprehensive
  clinical practice for PrEP.
• Delegates to the 20 th International AIDS Conference in Melbourne,
  Australia, including former IAS President Joep Lange, were on Malaysian
  Airlines Flight MH 17 that crashed over Ukraine.

 

2015

• CDC warns opioid abuse could lead to        
  more severe outbreaks of HIV and
  Hepatitis C.
• Austin, Ind. recorded 142 new HIV cases
  in April 2015 since December 2014.
• July 2015, National HIV/AIDS Strategy
  for the U.S. updated to 2020.

 

 

 

2016

• March 2016 Johns Hopkins surgeons     
  are the first in the U.S. to perform a
  liver and a kidney transplant between
  HIV donors and recipients.
• Maryland Governor Larry Hogan signed
  the Opioid Associated Disease
  Prevention and Outreach Act. Referred
  to as the Syringe Services Programs Bill,
  will allow thousands of Maryland
  residents to access life saving sterile
  syringe exchange programs.

 

2017

• The international Undetectable Equals  
  Untransmittable (U=U) Campaign U=U
  became the most important prevention
  message of 2017.
• CDC officially admits people with HIV
  who are undetectable can’t transmit HIV
• Multiple PrEP clinics established
  throughout Maryland.
• The first National Faith HIV Awareness
  Day was observed on August 27.

 

2018

• June 5 recognized as the 1st national     
  awareness day for long term survivors of
  HIV and AIDS.
• Currently 26 percent of all 1.4 million
  people living with HIV in the U.S.
  became positive before 1996.
• “It Is Still Not Over.” HIV Long Term
  Survivors Day #HLTSAD2018.
• 2018 is the 30 th Anniversary for the
  commemoration of World AIDS Day.

 

2019

• In the State of the Union Address on
  February 5, 2019, President Donald J.
  Trump announced his Administration’s
  goal to end the HIV epidemic in the
  United States within 10 years.
• To achieve this goal and address the
  ongoing public health crisis of HIV, the
  proposed Ending the HIV Epidemic: A
  Plan for America will reduce new HIV
  infections in the United States by 75%
  in five years and by 90% by 2030.

 

2020

• The global COVID 19 Pandemic brings c oncern for HIV   
  positive patients, and forces local, national and
  international conferences to be held virtually.
• Telemedicine becomes a standard of care and helps
  consolidate primary care in HIV/AIDS management. This
  may ultimately lead to fewer gaps in care, decreased
  specialist costs, and increased access to services for
  patients living with HIV/AIDS.
• AIDS2020 Conference highlights include data showing
  long acting injectable cabotegravir is even more
  effective in preventing HIV than daily oral Truvada.

 

Reference:

Maryland Department of Health Prevention and Health Promotion Administration
http://phpa.dhmh.maryland.gov